Purposes

This updated version of The Competencies includes bibliographies for each of the four transdisciplinary foundations and the eight practice dimensions. Bibliographies appear  at  the end of each section and are combined into a complete, alphabetized list here.

The Competencies bibliographies serve a number of purposes including the following:

• Serving as a guide to educators in teaching and curriculum development
• Offering assistance to counselors preparing for certification or licensure exams
• Contributing to practitioners’ understanding and knowledge of research- and consensus-based practices
• Furnishing clinical supervisors with current reading suggestions for supervisees
• Providing counselors and other practitioners with a study resource
• Supplying administrators with current citations regarding the practice of addiction counseling for use in grant preparation.

Literature  Search Methodology

This updated version of The Competencies represents the work of two Committees. In 2000, a Committee began revising the 1998 version of The Competencies. In 2005, a second Committee was convened to review The Competencies and update the 2000 bibliography.

The bibliographies in The Competencies do not represent a complete reference list of meaningful addiction counseling-related citations. However, they are the result of a thoughtful and extensive literature review, and they represent the intent and spirit of The Competencies.

Both literature searches pointed up gaps in literature for several practice dimensions. A scarcity of citations was especially notable in the documentation; service coordination; client, family, and community education; and referral practice dimensions. Addiction counseling professionals might explore these subjects if they are looking for research and writing agendas.

2000 Methodology

The literature search for the 2000 update was conducted by members of the National Addiction Technology Transfer Center Curriculum Committee for each transdisciplinary foundation and practice dimension. Library facilities at Brown University, the State University of New York at Albany, the University of Iowa, the University of Missouri, and the University of Nevada–Reno were used. Criteria for the searches specified that resources be the following:

• Timely—no citation published before 1989 unless it was deemed seminal
• Empirically sound
• Relevant to a particular practice dimension and its associated knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

The results of the searches were mixed. Some practice dimensions yielded many citations, whereas few relevant citations were found for others. The research methods used also differed from institution to institution. The lack of uniformity in search methodology concerned the Com- mittee. Thus, a professional library association specializing in substance abuse—the Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists (SALIS), which uses specially trained librarians to manage, organize, collect, and distribute substance abuse-related information—was hired.

SALIS was asked to search materials relevant to the eight practice dimensions using the following online databases:

• Medline
• Psych Info
• ETOH
• ERIC (U.S. Department of Education)
• SALIS’s library catalog databases (ADAI Library in Seattle, Washington; Wisconsin Clearinghouse Library in Madison, Wisconsin; and Alcohol Research Group in Berke- ley, California).

Keywords were used to find other relevant terms and articles. Review articles were gleaned for items not found with online databases, such as chapters from edited works and government documents.

Because large numbers of citations were retrieved for a majority of the practice dimensions, SALIS conducted an initial screening of articles based on topic, major researchers, descriptions in abstracts, and source documents. Because entire books are rarely found through online database literature searches, tables of contents for appropriate books were included from cita- tions found on SALIS catalog databases.

When SALIS completed the search, it provided the Committee with a list of citations and articles for each practice dimension. Committee members then reviewed the results of the SALIS litera- ture search. Each article received an independent review by two Committee members based on whether it met the following criteria:

• Relevance to the practice dimension being reviewed
• Relevance to another practice dimension or transdisciplinary foundation
• Empirically or evidence based
• Based on clinical practice
• Contribution to further understanding of the practice dimension or transdisciplinary foundation
• Published between 1989 and 2000, unless considered exemplary or a “classic.”

After critiquing both the SALIS-generated articles and articles from the Committee’s initial search, the Committee cross-referenced the results of each article’s evaluation. An article was selected for inclusion only if two Committee members agreed that it correctly represented the intent of a given practice dimension. When consensus was not reached between the primary re- viewers, a third Committee member reviewed the article. Articles were considered for inclusion only if a third review was positive. Articles found to be irrelevant to the practice dimensions or those that did not meet the established criteria were excluded from the bibliography.

2005 Methodology

The literature search for the 2005 update was conducted by the Center for Substance Abuse Research (CESAR). The literature search was for each of the four transdisciplinary foundations and each of the eight practice dimensions. It covered literature from 2000 to 2005. The literature search used the same methodology as the search conducted in 2000.

When CESAR completed the search, it provided the Committee with a list of citations and articles for each practice dimension. Committee members also recommended articles that were pertinent to a particular practice dimension. Each article received an independent review by two Committee members based on the following criteria:

• Relevance to the practice dimension being reviewed
• Relevance to another practice dimension or transdisciplinary foundation
• Contribution to further understanding of the practice dimension or transdisciplinary foundation.

The 2005 Committee followed the same methodology as the 2000 Committee in deciding whether to include or exclude articles from the practice dimension bibliographies. Group consensus focusing on creating a balanced representation of the available literature was used to determine whether to include or exclude books for the transdisciplinary foundation bibliographies. Articles and books selected by the 2005 update Committee were added to the bibliographies created by the 2000 update Committee.

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