Chapter 2: Global Engagement and Culture

2.5 Summary, Discussion, References

Summary

Hopefully, you now have a greater understanding of how culture influences communication in a global society. We began with an overview and description of the various aspects of personal identity and how they work together to determine a person’s culture. Next, we traced the process of coming to an understanding of one’s individual identity through cultural dimensions. Finally, we discussed how conflict is managed in a globally diverse and culturally sensitive world. Indiana State University encourages you to think about the importance of culture when studying in your major.

Discussion Questions

  1. What are some ways that you see to support Hofstede’s claim that the U.S. is the most individualistic society? Are there ways in which we display attributes of collectivism?
  2. Describe a situation in which you attempted to diverge or converge your communication with others? What did you do? What were you attempting to accomplish by doing so? What was the result?
  3. What are some examples of representation and symbolic annihilation can you locate and analyze in contemporary texts of popular culture?
  4. How is your major impacted by being culturally competent?

 Key Terms

  • collectivist/ individualistic
  • conflict styles
  • conflict
  • culture
  • co-culture
  • culture shock
  • ego conflict
  • ethnicity
  • ethnocentrism
  • femininity/ masculinity
  • framing
  • gender
  • high and low context
  • indulgence/ restraint
  • long-term/ short-term orientation
  • nationality
  • norms
  • PIN Model
  • power distance
  • pseudo conflict
  • race
  • racial discrimination
  • racial prejudice
  • racism
  • rituals
  • sexual orientation
  • simple conflict
  • standpoint
  • uncertainty avoidance

References

Blake, R.R., & Mouton, J.S. (1964). The managerial grid. Houston, Tx: Gulf Publishing.

Croucher, S. M., Bruno, A., McGrath, P, et al. (2012). Conflict styles and high-low context cultures: a cross-cultural extension. Communication Research Reports,29(1), 64-73.

Dignath, D., Kiesel, A., & Eder, A. B. (2015). Flexible conflict management: Conflict avoidance and conflict adjustment in reactive cognitive control. Journal Of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, And Cognition, 41(4), 975-988. doi:10.1037/xlm0000089

Emerson, D. (1994). State of Michigan Supreme Court, State Administrative Office. Community Dispute Resolution Program. Unpublished training materials presented at annual conference of the Association for Student Judicial Affairs (ASJA).

Giles, H. & Noels, K.A. (2002). Communication accommodation in intercultural encounters. Readings in Intercultural Communication (2nd ed). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.

Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual. Essays on Face-to-face behavior. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

Goodman, A., Moses, Y., & Jones, J.L. (2012). RACE – Are We So Different? A Project of the American Anthropological Association. Wiley Blackwell Press.

Gudykunst, W. B.,  Ting-Toomey, S. & Chua, E. (1988). Culture and Interpersonal Communication. Sage Publications, Inc.

Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond Culture. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday.

Hocker, J. & Wilmot, W. (1991). Interpersonal conflict (3rd ed). Dubuque, IA: Brown Press.

Hymes, D. (1972). Models of the interaction of language and social life. Directions Is Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication.  Cambridge, MA. Cambridge University Press.

Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind.  New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Huffington Post. (2014, April 4). 13 mistakes study abroad students make. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/study-abroad-mistakes_n_5037683.html

Johnson, A. G. (2000). The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology: A User’s Guide to Sociological Language. Oxford, OX, UK: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Kleiman, T., & Hassin, R. R. (2013). When conflicts are good: Nonconscious goal conflicts reduce confirmatory thinking. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 105(3), 374-387. doi:10.1037/a0033608

Kuzoian, A. (2016, May 12). The United States as 100 people. In Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/the-united-states-as-100-people-2016-5

Langston, D. (1995). Tired of playing Monopoly?  Race, Class, and Gender: An Anthology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Levine, B. E. (2012, March 18). How America’s obsession with money deadens us. Alternet. Retrieved from http://www.alternet.org/story/154469/how_america’s_obsession_with_money_deadens_us

Lindner, E. (2009). Emotion and conflict: how human rights can dignify emotion and help us wage good conflict. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.

Martin, J. & Nakayama, T. (2009). Intercultural Communication in Contexts (5th ed.). NY: McGraw-Hill.

Miller, C. W., Roloff, M.E. & Reznik, R. M. (2014). Hopelessness and interpersonal conflict: antecedents and consequences of losing hope. Western Journal of Communication, 78 (5), 563-85.

Miller, G. R. & Steinber, M. (1975). Between people: A new analysis of interpersonal communication. Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates.

Moore, C. (1996). The Mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Ogilvie, J. R., & Carsky, M. L. (2002). Building emotional intelligence in negotiations. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(4), 381.

Olshak, R. (2001) Mastering Mediation: Training mediators in the college and university setting. LRP Publications, Inc.

Orbe, M.P. & Harris, T.M. (2012).  Interracial communication: Theory into practice (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA. Sage Press.

Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. (2017). What is sexual orientation? Retrieved from https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sexual-orientation-gender/sexual-orientation

Phinney, J.S. (1993). A three-stage model of ethnic identity development in adolescence. Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among Hispanics and other minorities, 6(1), 79. 

Ponterotto, J. G., . Utsey, S. O., &. Pedersen, P.B. (1990). Preventing prejudice: A guide for counselors, educators, and parents (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Moore, C. (1996). The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Ogilvie, J. R., & Carsky, M. L. (2002). Building emotional intelligence in negotiations. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(4), 381.

Olshak, R. (2001) Mastering Mediation: Training mediators in the college and university setting. LRP Publications, Inc.

Smith, D. J. & Armstrong, S. (2011).  If the World Were a Village: A Book about the World’s People (2nd ed.). Toronto. Canada. Kids Can.

Tamir, M., & Ford, B. Q. (2012). When feeling bad is expected to be good: Emotion regulation and outcome expectancies in social conflicts. Emotion, 12(4), 807-816. doi:10.1037/a0024443

Thomas, K.W. & Kilmann, R.H. (1974). The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument. Tuxedo, NY: XICOM, Inc.

Ţepordei, A., Labar, A., Frumos, F., & Popa, N. (2014). Humor and styles of handling interpersonal conflicts among university students. Scientific Annals of the ‘Alexandru Ioan Cuza’ University Of Iasi: Educational Sciences Series / Analele Stiintifice Ale Universitatii’Alexandru IoanCuza’ – Sect. Stiintele Educatiei, 18, 161-172.

The University of Arizona. (n.d.). Conflict Resolution Questionnaire. [Measurement instrument]. Retrieved from http://academic.engr.arizona.edu/vjohnson/ConflictManagementQuestionnair/ConflictManagementQuestionnaire.asp.

Waithaka, A. G., Moore-Austin, S., & Gitimu, P. N. (2015). Influence of conflict resolution training on conflict handling styles of college students. Research in Higher Education Journal, 28.

Wasserman, T. (2014, November 9). Digital nomads travel the world while you rot in your office. Mashable. Retrieved from http://mashable.com/2014/11/09/digital-nomads/#ZcCSY2sZmkqk

Wingfield-Hayes, R. (2002, June 29). China’s taste for thee exotic. BBC. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/2074073.stm

International Sycamore Leaf used by permission from Indiana State University.

Some images were retrieved from Pixabay available under the CC0 license.

The Sycamore Resolutions Logo was used with permission from Indiana State University.

All images not credited otherwise were created by H. Rayl and are available under the CC-BY 4.0 license.

 

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Introduction to Public Communication by Indiana State University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book